| Motivation - a nagging concern What is the problem? Effort, performance, retention, loyalty, membership, commitment, trust, empowerment, participation, work design Extrinsic and intrinsic rewards Expectancy and Equity Rhetoric versus reality How I construe my/your motivation, needs & drives How to "motivate people to give their all" Would I really work for you without reward? Fundamental to employee contract Traditional economic exchange model. Pay-effort determinism "Rate for the job" Occupational norms, expectations and choices Expediency - "suitable for my life package at the moment" Etzioni & organisational membership Coercive - Remunerative - Normative Alienated - Instrumental - Moral involvement The person-as-economist expects ROI - time, effort, commitment "What's in it for me?" calculation Conscious subconscious (self image and comparisons) Fairness (equitable social (economic) exchange) interpret rewards/pay-offs of others judge what is fair/unfair satisfaction if each party achieves a balance (relative equality) Psychological extension to neutral, economic model Construing the value & importance of input-output Social, psychological - individual & group Validation of personal perceptions and comparisons Clear/distorted internal/external |
